{"id":135512,"date":"2026-08-02T17:29:17","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T11:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/?p=135512"},"modified":"2026-08-02T17:29:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T11:29:17","slug":"%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%ba-%d1%87%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%8c-%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%8c-%d1%84%d0%b0%d0%b9%d0%bb%d1%8b-%d0%b2-python-open-read-write-%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/?p=135512","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 Python: open(), read(), write() \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d with"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 Python: \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\/\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 open()<\/code>, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b read()<\/code>, write()<\/code>, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e with<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n

\n

\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430: \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f open()<\/code><\/h2>\n

\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f open(file, mode, encoding=None, ...)<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435.<\/p>\n

\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • file<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443 (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430).<\/li>\n
  • mode<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430.<\/li>\n
  • encoding<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 (\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c<\/th>\n\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    'r'<\/code><\/td>\n\u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e). \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    'w'<\/code><\/td>\n\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    'a'<\/code><\/td>\n\u0414\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    'x'<\/code><\/td>\n\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    'b'<\/code><\/td>\n\u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c (\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c: 'rb'<\/code>, 'wb'<\/code> \u0438 \u0442.\u00a0\u0434.).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    't'<\/code><\/td>\n\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c (\u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 'r'<\/code>, 'w'<\/code> \u0438 \u0434\u0440.).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"data.txt\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"r\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e:<\/strong> \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c encoding<\/code>, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041e\u0421 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043a \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 encoding=\"utf-8\"<\/code>.<\/p>\n
    \n
    \u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430: \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b read()<\/code>, readline()<\/code>, readlines()<\/code><\/h2>\n
    read()<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435<\/h3>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"data.txt\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"r\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    content =<\/span> f.read<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>content)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \u0423\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n
    readline()<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435<\/h3>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"data.txt\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"r\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    while<\/span> True<\/span>:\r\n        line =<\/span> f.readline<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> not<\/span> line:  # \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/span>\r\n            break<\/span>\r\n        print<\/span>(<\/span>line.rstrip<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>  # rstrip \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    readlines()<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/h3>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"data.txt\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"r\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    lines =<\/span> f.readlines<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n# lines \u2014 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \\n<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"large_file.txt\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"r\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    for<\/span> line in<\/span> f:\r\n        # \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/span>\r\n        pass<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b: write()<\/code><\/h2>\n
    \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 write()<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442<\/strong> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"output.txt\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"w\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    f.write<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    f.write<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0438\u043b\u0438 writelines()<\/code>:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    lines =<\/span> [<\/span>\"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 1\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 2\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 3\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>]<\/span>\r\nwith<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"output.txt\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"w\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    f.writelines<\/span>(<\/span>lines)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: writelines()<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n
    \n
    \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d with<\/code>: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n
    \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f with<\/code> (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440) \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n
    \u041d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 with<\/code>:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"data.txt\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"r\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ncontent =<\/span> f.read<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n# \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c<\/span>\r\nf.close<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0441 with<\/code>:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"data.txt\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"r\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    content =<\/span> f.read<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n# \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 close()<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/li>\n
    • \u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0445).<\/li>\n
    • \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n
      \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/h2>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 1: \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432)<\/h3>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      python<\/div>\n
      src =<\/span> \"input.txt\"<\/span>\r\ndst =<\/span> \"output.txt\"<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nwith<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>src,<\/span> \"r\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> fin,<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>dst,<\/span> \"w\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> fout:\r\n    for<\/span> line in<\/span> fin:\r\n        fout.write<\/span>(<\/span>line)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c with<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 2: \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b (\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c 'a'<\/code>)<\/h3>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      python<\/div>\n
      log_entry =<\/span> \"2026-08-01 12:34:56 \u2014 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0448\u0451\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nwith<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"app.log\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"a\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    f.write<\/span>(<\/span>log_entry)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c 'a'<\/code> \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438.<\/p>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 3: \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 (\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c 'x'<\/code>)<\/h3>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      python<\/div>\n
      try<\/span>:\r\n    with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"config.json\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"x\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n        f.write<\/span>(<\/span>'{\"version\": 1}\\n<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nexcept<\/span> FileExistsError:\r\n    print<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c.\"<\/span>)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 4: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c CSV\u2011\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/h3>\n
      \u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b prices.csv<\/code>:<\/p>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      text<\/div>\n
      \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440,\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430\r\n\u042f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438,120.50\r\n\u0413\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438,99.00<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b:<\/p>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      python<\/div>\n
      input_file =<\/span> \"prices.csv\"<\/span>\r\noutput_file =<\/span> \"prices_fixed.csv\"<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nwith<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>input_file,<\/span> \"r\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> fin,<\/span> \\\r\n     open<\/span>(<\/span>output_file,<\/span> \"w\"<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> fout:\r\n\u00a0\r\n    # \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a<\/span>\r\n    fout.write<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440,\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430_\u0440\u0443\u0431\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\n    # \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 (\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a)<\/span>\r\n    next(<\/span>fin)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\n    for<\/span> line in<\/span> fin:\r\n        line =<\/span> line.strip<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> not<\/span> line:\r\n            continue<\/span>\r\n        parts =<\/span> line.split<\/span>(<\/span>\",\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>parts)<\/span> !=<\/span> 2<\/span>:\r\n            continue<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\n        name,<\/span> price_str =<\/span> parts\r\n        try<\/span>:\r\n            price =<\/span> float<\/span>(<\/span>price_str.replace<\/span>(<\/span>\",\"<\/span>,<\/span> \".\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n            # \u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438 (\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440)<\/span>\r\n            price_rub =<\/span> price * 1.0<\/span>  # \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/span>\r\n            fout.write<\/span>(<\/span>f\"{name},{price_rub:.2f}\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        except<\/span> ValueError<\/span>:\r\n            print<\/span>(<\/span>f\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430: {line}\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b: \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0441 'b'<\/code><\/h2>\n
      \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n
      \u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      python<\/div>\n
      # \u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span>\r\nwith<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"rb\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    data =<\/span> f.read<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>  # data \u2014 bytes<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\n# \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/span>\r\nwith<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>\"copy.png\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"wb\"<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:\r\n    f.write<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442: \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 .replace()<\/code>, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n
      \n
      \u0428\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c<\/th>\n\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n'r'<\/code><\/td>\nread()<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n'r'<\/code><\/td>\n\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 readline()<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n'w'<\/code><\/td>\nwrite()<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 writelines()<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0414\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446<\/td>\n'a'<\/code><\/td>\nwrite()<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n'x'<\/code><\/td>\nwrite()<\/code> + \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 FileExistsError<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n'rb'<\/code> \/ 'wb'<\/code><\/td>\nread()<\/code>, write()<\/code> (\u0441 bytes<\/code>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 Python: \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\/\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 open(), \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b read(), write(), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e with, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430: \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f open() \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f open(file, mode, encoding=None, …) \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9194254,"featured_media":135498,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[556],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-135512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python"],"views":11,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9194254"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=135512"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135513,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135512\/revisions\/135513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/135498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=135512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=135512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=135512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}