{"id":135418,"date":"2026-07-27T21:01:05","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T15:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/?p=135418"},"modified":"2026-07-27T21:01:05","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T15:01:05","slug":"%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b0-%d1%81-%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be%d0%b9-%d0%b8-%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bc-%d0%b2-python-datetime-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/?p=135418","title":{"rendered":"\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432 Python: DateTime, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0412 Python \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c datetime<\/code>. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b: date<\/code>, time<\/code>, datetime<\/code><\/h2>\n
    \n
  • date<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 (\u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446, \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c).<\/li>\n
  • time<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u044b, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b).<\/li>\n
  • datetime<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    from<\/span> datetime<\/span> import<\/span> date,<\/span> time<\/span>,<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nd =<\/span> date(<\/span>2025<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 15<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nt =<\/span> time<\/span>(<\/span>14<\/span>,<\/span> 30<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndt =<\/span> datetime<\/span>(<\/span>2025<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 15<\/span>,<\/span> 14<\/span>,<\/span> 30<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>d)<\/span>          # 2025-07-15<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>t)<\/span>          # 14:30:05<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt)<\/span>         # 2025-07-15 14:30:05<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \"\"<\/p>\n
    \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 datetime.now()<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    now =<\/span> datetime<\/span>.now<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>now)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/h2>\n
    \u0423 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    dt =<\/span> datetime<\/span>(<\/span>2025<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 15<\/span>,<\/span> 14<\/span>,<\/span> 30<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt.year<\/span>)<\/span>    # 2025<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt.month<\/span>)<\/span>   # 7<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt.day<\/span>)<\/span>     # 15<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt.hour<\/span>)<\/span>    # 14<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt.minute<\/span>)<\/span>  # 30<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt.second<\/span>)<\/span>  # 5<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446 \u0438 \u0442.\u00a0\u043f.<\/p>\n
    \n
    \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: strftime<\/code> \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438: strptime<\/code><\/h2>\n
    \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 (strftime<\/code>)<\/h3>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c datetime<\/code> \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0443:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    python<\/div>\n
    dt =<\/span> datetime<\/span>(<\/span>2025<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 15<\/span>,<\/span> 14<\/span>,<\/span> 30<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ns =<\/span> dt.strftime<\/span>(<\/span>\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>s)<\/span>  # 2025-07-15 14:30:05<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • %Y<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0433\u043e\u0434 (4 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b), %y<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0433\u043e\u0434 (2 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b)<\/li>\n
    • %m<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446 (01\u201312), %d<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c (01\u201331)<\/li>\n
    • %H<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0447\u0430\u0441 (00\u201323), %M<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b, %S<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b<\/li>\n
    • %B<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430, %b<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/li>\n
    • %A<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438, %a<\/code>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      python<\/div>\n
      dt =<\/span> datetime<\/span>.now<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt.strftime<\/span>(<\/span>\"%d.%m.%Y\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>                # 15.07.2025<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt.strftime<\/span>(<\/span>\"%B %d, %Y\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>              # July 15, 2025<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt.strftime<\/span>(<\/span>\"%A, %d %B %Y, %H:%M\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>   # Tuesday, 15 July 2025, 14:30<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 datetime<\/code> (strptime<\/code>)<\/h3>\n
      \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 (\u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, API, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b), \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442:<\/p>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      python<\/div>\n
      s =<\/span> \"2025-07-15 14:30:05\"<\/span>\r\ndt =<\/span> datetime<\/span>.strptime<\/span>(<\/span>s,<\/span> \"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt,<\/span> type<\/span>(<\/span>dt)<\/span>)<\/span>  # datetime.datetime \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e: \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 ValueError<\/code>.<\/p>\n
      \n
      \u0412\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438: timedelta<\/code><\/h2>\n
      \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\/\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442.\u00a0\u0434. \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 timedelta<\/code>:<\/p>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      python<\/div>\n
      from<\/span> datetime<\/span> import<\/span> datetime<\/span>,<\/span> timedelta\r\n\u00a0\r\nnow =<\/span> datetime<\/span>.now<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ntomorrow =<\/span> now + timedelta(<\/span>days=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nweek_ago =<\/span> now - timedelta(<\/span>weeks=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nthree_hours_later =<\/span> now + timedelta(<\/span>hours=<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441:\"<\/span>,<\/span> now)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430:\"<\/span>,<\/span> tomorrow)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434:\"<\/span>,<\/span> week_ago)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 3 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430:\"<\/span>,<\/span> three_hours_later)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      timedelta<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442: days<\/code>, seconds<\/code>, microseconds<\/code>, milliseconds<\/code>, minutes<\/code>, hours<\/code>, weeks<\/code>.<\/p>\n
      \"\"<\/p>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      python<\/div>\n
      start =<\/span> datetime<\/span>(<\/span>2025<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nend =<\/span> datetime<\/span>(<\/span>2025<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 14<\/span>,<\/span> 30<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndiff =<\/span> end - start\r\n\u00a0\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>diff)<\/span>                 # 2 days, 4:30:00<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>diff.total_seconds<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span># \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>diff.days<\/span>)<\/span>            # \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0438<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \u0427\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u0430: naive \u0438 aware \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b<\/h2>\n
      \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 datetime<\/code>:<\/p>\n
        \n
      • naive<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u0430 (\u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e).<\/li>\n
      • aware<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0441 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043e\u043c (\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 (Python 3.9+): zoneinfo<\/code><\/h3>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        python<\/div>\n
        from<\/span> datetime<\/span> import<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> zoneinfo import<\/span> ZoneInfo\r\n\u00a0\r\n# \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430<\/span>\r\ndt_msk =<\/span> datetime<\/span>(<\/span>2025<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 15<\/span>,<\/span> 12<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> tzinfo=<\/span>ZoneInfo(<\/span>\"Europe\/Moscow\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n# \u041d\u044c\u044e\u2011\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a<\/span>\r\ndt_ny =<\/span> datetime<\/span>(<\/span>2025<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 15<\/span>,<\/span> 12<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> tzinfo=<\/span>ZoneInfo(<\/span>\"America\/New_York\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt_msk)<\/span>  # 2025-07-15 12:00:00+03:00<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt_ny)<\/span>   # 2025-07-15 12:00:00-04:00<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        python<\/div>\n
        dt_msk =<\/span> datetime<\/span>.now<\/span>(<\/span>ZoneInfo(<\/span>\"Europe\/Moscow\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndt_ny =<\/span> dt_msk.astimezone<\/span>(<\/span>ZoneInfo(<\/span>\"America\/New_York\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>dt_msk,<\/span> \"->\"<\/span>,<\/span> dt_ny)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u0435<\/h3>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        python<\/div>\n
        from<\/span> datetime<\/span> import<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> zoneinfo import<\/span> ZoneInfo\r\n\u00a0\r\nnow_utc =<\/span> datetime<\/span>.now<\/span>(<\/span>ZoneInfo(<\/span>\"UTC\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nnow_msk =<\/span> datetime<\/span>.now<\/span>(<\/span>ZoneInfo(<\/span>\"Europe\/Moscow\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>now_utc)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>now_msk)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \n
        \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0441 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439<\/h2>\n
        \u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 UTC, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u0435.<\/p>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        python<\/div>\n
        from<\/span> datetime<\/span> import<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> zoneinfo import<\/span> ZoneInfo\r\n\u00a0\r\ndef<\/span> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c_\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435(<\/span>\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435,<\/span> \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f=<\/span>\"Europe\/Moscow\"<\/span>)<\/span>:\r\n    # \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432 UTC<\/span>\r\n    dt_utc =<\/span> datetime<\/span>.now<\/span>(<\/span>ZoneInfo(<\/span>\"UTC\"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\n    # \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span>\r\n    tz_user =<\/span> ZoneInfo(<\/span>\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f)<\/span>\r\n    dt_local =<\/span> dt_utc.astimezone<\/span>(<\/span>tz_user)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\n    timestamp_str =<\/span> dt_utc.strftime<\/span>(<\/span>\"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    display_str =<\/span> dt_local.strftime<\/span>(<\/span>\"%d.%m.%Y %H:%M\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\n    return<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        \"\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\"<\/span>: \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435,<\/span>\r\n        \"timestamp_utc\"<\/span>: timestamp_str,<\/span>\r\n        \"\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f_\u0434\u043b\u044f_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\"<\/span>: display_str,<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nevent =<\/span> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c_\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435(<\/span>\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0448\u0451\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>event)<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \"\"<\/p>\n
        \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f (UTC) \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u0435.<\/p>\n
        \n
        \u0415\u0449\u0451 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n
        \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 DD.MM.YYYY<\/code>. \u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 datetime<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435:<\/p>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        python<\/div>\n
        from<\/span> datetime<\/span> import<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\ndef<\/span> \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c_\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443(<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430,<\/span> \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442_\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430=<\/span>\"%d.%m.%Y\"<\/span>,<\/span> \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442_\u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430=<\/span>\"%Y-%m-%d\"<\/span>)<\/span>:\r\n    try<\/span>:\r\n        dt =<\/span> datetime<\/span>.strptime<\/span>(<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430,<\/span> \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442_\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430)<\/span>\r\n        # \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430: \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 2000 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> dt.year<\/span> <<\/span> 2000<\/span>:\r\n            return<\/span> None<\/span>,<\/span> \"\u0413\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439\"<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> dt.strftime<\/span>(<\/span>\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442_\u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430)<\/span>,<\/span> None<\/span>\r\n    except<\/span> ValueError<\/span>:\r\n        return<\/span> None<\/span>,<\/span> \"\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b\"<\/span>\r\n\u00a0\r\nres,<\/span> err =<\/span> \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c_\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443(<\/span>\"15.07.2025\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nif<\/span> err:\r\n    print<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430:\"<\/span>,<\/span> err)<\/span>\r\nelse<\/span>:\r\n    print<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430:\"<\/span>,<\/span> res)<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \"\"<\/p>\n
        \n
        \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n
          \n
        • \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 naive \u0438 aware \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/strong> \u041d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c datetime<\/code> \u0441 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 TypeError<\/code>. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 (\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043a aware).<\/li>\n
        • \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0432 strptime<\/code>.<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 15\/07\/2025<\/code>, \u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d %Y-%m-%d<\/code>, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n
        • \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e UTC.<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432 UTC, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n
        • \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 datetime.utcnow()<\/code>.<\/strong> \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b. \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 datetime.now(ZoneInfo(\"UTC\"))<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n
            \n
          • \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442 datetime.now()<\/code>, strftime<\/code>\/strptime<\/code>, timedelta<\/code>.<\/li>\n
          • \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 aware\u2011\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b: \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445\u00a0\u2014\u00a0zoneinfo<\/code>, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445\u00a0\u2014\u00a0pytz<\/code>.<\/li>\n
          • \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432 UTC, \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/li>\n
          • \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f naive \u0438 aware \u0434\u0430\u0442.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            \u0412 Python \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c datetime. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b: date, time, datetime date\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 (\u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446, \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c). time\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u044b, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b). datetime\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: python from datetime import date, time, datetime […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9194254,"featured_media":135420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[556],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-135418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python"],"views":9,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9194254"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=135418"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135423,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135418\/revisions\/135423"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/135420"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=135418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=135418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rcl-radio.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=135418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}